Attractions in Thailand
Buddhist
Meditation
Suan Mok, a 120-acre forest temple in
Chaiya district, Surat Thani province, some 580
kilometres south of Bangkok, attracts and accepts
meditators from all over the world. Meditation
opportunities are also found in Bangkok, particularly
at Wat Mahathat (facing Sanam Luang), Wat Pak Nam,
Wat Chonprathan Rangsit, Wat Phrathammakai and
Banglamphu's Wat Bowon Nivet where English language
instruction is available.
Wildlife
Sanctuaries / National Parks
Thailand has some so national parks
and wildlife sanctuaries covering more than 25,000
square kilometres. Evenly spread throughout the
kingdom, such places afford nature lovers opportunities
to enjoy Thai flora and fauna in unspoiled surroundings.
The most popular in terms of convenient accessibility
and immediately visible attractions are as follows:
Khao Yai National Park lies some 200
kilometres north-east of Bangkok, covers more
than 540,000 acres, has an average elevation
of 800 metres and a highest peak of 1,351 metres.
The park supports elephants, tigers, bears, giant
hornbills and other protected wildlife, countless
species of wild flowers, trees and spectacular
waterfalls. Doi Inthanon National Park in Chiang
Mai province covers Thailand's highest mountain
(2,565 metres). Forest above 1,800 metres is
covered with lichens and wild orchids while at
lower levels several lovely waterfalls share
the mountainside with Meo and Karen hilltribe
villages. Ko Samet in Rayong province is the
focal point of a Marine National Park. The narrow,
6 kilometre long island numbers among Thailand's
most beautiful islands and is fringed by splendid
beaches, dazzling coral reefs and limpid waters
ideal for snorkelling and scuba-diving.
Erawan National Park in Kanchanaburi
province is extremely popular. The mountainside
forest setting contains the seven-tiered Erawan
Waterfall, widely regarded as one of Thailand's
loveliest cascades. Sam Roi Yot National Park
in Prachuap Khiri Khan province provided major
settings for the award-winning movie The Killing
Fields. A multi- peaked, thinly forested limestone
mass rises majestically from coastal marshes
that host numerous waterfowl species. Caves,
islands, fine beaches and frequently seen wildlife
comprise major attractions. Khu Khut Waterfowl
Park in Songkhla province occupies 520 square
kilometres of the Great Songkhla Lake and hosts
some 140 resident and migratory species. Ao Phang
Nga National Park in Phang Nga province featured
prominently in the James Bond movie The Man With
The Golden Gun. Verdant limestone islands, honeycombed
with caves and aquatic grottoes, soar perpendicularly
from almost perpetually calm waters. Major attractions
include prehistoric rock paintings and a stilted
Muslim fishing village.
Tarutao Marine National Park in
Satun province, 31 kilometres off the southern
Thai coast near the Thai-Malaysian Indian Ocean
maritime border, is a 51-island cluster covering
some 1,400 square kilometres, and offers some
of Southeast Asia's best scuba-diving waters.
Ko Samui and Ang Thong Marine National Park,
covering an area of over 250 square kilometres,
is located in Surat Thani province and composed
of various islands noted for silvery sand and
colourful coral reefs. Access to the islands
can be made either from Ban Don, Surat Thani
or Don Sak in Nakhon Si Thammarat.
Elephant
Training
The recently opened Thai Elephant Conservation
Centre, 28 kilometres outside Lampang on the
main highway to Chiang Mai, has replaced the
former Elephant Training School at Ngao. Logging
training sessions for young elephants are held
daily at 9.00 AM in an attractive forest setting,
and visitors are welcome.
Thai
Food & Desserts
Thai food is internationally famous. Whether
chili-hot or comparatively bland, harmony is
the guiding principle behind each dish. Thai
cuisine is essentially a marriage of centuries-old
Eastern and Western influences harmoniously combined
into something uniquely Thai. The characteristics
of Thai food depend on who cooks it, for whom
it is cooked, for what occasion, and where it
is cooked to suit all palates. Originally, Thai
cooking reflected the characteristics of a waterborne
lifestyle. Aquatic animals, plants and herbs
were major ingredients. Large chunks of meat
were eschewed. Subsequent influences introduced
the use of sizeable chunks to Thai cooking.
With their Buddhist background, Thais shunned
the use of large animals in big chunks. Big cuts
of meat were shredded and laced with herbs and
spices. Traditional Thai cooking methods were
stewing and baking, or grilling. Chinese influences
saw the introduction of frying, stir frying and
deep-frying. Culinary influences from the 17th
century onwards included Portuguese, Dutch, French
and Japanese. Chilies were introduced to Thai
cooking during the late 1600s by Portuguese missionaries
who had acquired a taste for them while serving
in South America.
Thais were very adapt at 'Siamese'
foreign cooking methods, and substituting ingredients.
The ghee used in Indian cooking was replaced
by coconut oil, and coconut milk substituted
for other daily products. Overpowering pure spices
were toned down and enhanced by fresh herbs such
as lemon grass and galangal.
Eventually, fewer and less spices were used
in Thai curries, while the use of fresh herbs
increased. It is generally acknowledged that
Thai curries burn intensely, but briefly, whereas
other curries, with strong spices, burn for
longer periods. Instead of serving dishes in
courses, a Thai meal is served all at once,
permitting dinners to enjoy complementary combinations
of different tastes
A proper Thai meal should consist of a soup,
a curry dish with condiments, a dip with accompanying
fish and vegetables. A spiced salad may replace
the curry dish. The soup can also be spicy, but
the curry should be replaced by non spiced items.
There must be a harmony of tastes and textures
within individual dishes and the entire meal.
Thai
Fruits
Thai
fruits including mangoes, mangosteens, durians,
pineapples, watermelons, papayas, rambutans,
longans, lyches, tamarinds, pomegranates, palm
fruits, oranges, pomeloes, jackfruits and more
than 20 kinds of bananas are available all year
round. From January to April, grapes, jackfruits,
java apples, tangerines, watermelons and pomegranates
are in season. Next corne mangoes, lyches, pineapples,
durians and mangosteens. From July on, longans
will ripen, and also langsats, jujubes, passionfruits,
pomeloes, rambutans, sugar apples and again tangerines,
grapes, water- melons. bananas, coconuts, guavas
and papayas are available throughout the year.
Some harvests are celebrated in style, with colourful
festivals, sometimes featuring a pageant of local
beauties. In early April, the Paet Riu Mango
Festival is organized in Chachoengsao. Probably
the most popular and typical of Thai fruits,
the mango deserves this honour. In May, Songkhla
promotes its fruits with a bazaar, fruit carving
demonstrations and a Miss Southern Thailand Pageant.
In June, Chanthaburi exhibits delicious provincial
fruits, including the king of them all, the exquisitely
delicious durian. In September, to honour pomeloes,
a fruit and floral float procession is held in
Nakhon Pathom, near Bangkok.
Jungle
Treks
Most popularly originating from Chiang Mai and
Chiang Rai, these 2-6 day treks take visitors
through forested mountains and high meadows in
what are, actually, the lower extremities of
Himalayan foothills. Major attractions are remote
hilltribe villages. Mountains surrounding Chiang
Mai and Chiang Rai host seven major, once-itinerant
hill tribes of Tibeto- Burman origin the Meo, Lisu,
Lahu, Yao, Akha, Lawa and Karen. Each have distinctive
dialects, costumes and customs.
Arts and Crafts
During
1976, Her Majesty Queen Sirikit established the
Foundation for the Promotion of Supplementary
Occupations and Related Techniques, popularly
known as SUPPORT, with the object of giving rural
Thais alternative sources of income and also
of reviving some of the kingdorn's traditional
crafts. The result has been a variety of beautiful
items available in Thailand through a chain of
outlets called Chitrlada Shops.
Five Chitrlada Shops are located in Bangkok:
on the ground floor of the Decorations PaviIion
in the Grand Palace: in the Oriental Plaza shopping
centre; in the shopping arcade of the Hilton
International Bangkok Hotel; in the compound
of Wimanmek Mansion; and at Don Muang International
Airport.
Others can be found at the Rose Garden in Nakhon
Pathom province, in South Pattaya, and at the
Chiang Mai Airport. Among the SUPPORT products
to be found in these shops are handwoven silks
from the Northeast, particularly in subtle ikat
designs known in Thai as rnat-mi; elegant yan
liphao handbags, made from a vine that grows
in southern Thailand and often adorned with gold
fittings; jewellery in distinctive designs; supple
Thai cotton in classic patterns; T-shirts with
motifs designed by Her Royal Highness Princess
Maha Chakri Sirindhorn; and numerous moderately-priced
souvenirs. All funds raised from the sale of
these crafts go to the SUPPORT project.
Orchid
Farms
Several establishments in the suburbs of Bangkok,
and in Chiang Mai and Chonburi province welcome
visitors who may wish to admire, purchase or
learn more about these fabled blooms.
Traditional Thai
Massage
Courses are taught principally in
Bangkok's Wat Pho, "home" of traditional Thai
massage. Thai massage is also offered in Wat
Mahathat and Wat Parinayok, both in Bangkok.
Festivals
and Annual Events
Thais are fun-loving, sentimental people and
annual festivals, both commemorative and celebrative,
play important roles in Thai life. Many Thai
festivals are joyful, colourful events that invite
visitors' participation. Others feature solemn,
eminently photogenic ceremonial. Whatever their
character, whether dazzling processions, Buddhist
devotion, uninhibited merriment or exotic ritual,
each affords the visitor pleasant memories and
insights into the cultural heritage that makes
Thailand Asia's most exotic country. Most festivals
are connected either with Buddhism, the annual
rice-farming cycle, or commemorations honouring
Thai kings. Some occur on fixed dates. Others,
particularly those associated with Buddhism,
are determined by the lunar calendar. Many merit
national holidays. Chronologically, Thailand's
major festivals, and events, are as follows :
Makha Puja
Full-moon day, February National holiday This
commemorates the occasion when 1,250 disciples
spontaneously gathered to hear the Buddha preach.
Merit-making, such as offering food to monks,
and freeing captive birds and fishes, is interspersed
with sermons throughout the day. After sunset,
Buddhist monks lead the laity in a lovely triple
candlelit circumambulation of Buddhist chapels
throughout the kingdom.
Flower Festival
Usually early February. At Chiang Mai, 700 kilometres
north of Bangkok. This annual event features
displays, floral floats, and beauty contests
when the province's temperate and tropical flowers
are in full bloom.
Pattaya Festival
Early April. Thailand's premier beach resort
celebrates with beauty parades, floral floats,
and special events, Highlights include a spectacular
beach-side firework display.
Songkran Festival
April 13 - 15. National holiday, April 12 - 14
Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and
is celebrated with special elan in Chiang Mai
where because it occurs during a time of relative
leisure, it becomes a 3-5 day carousel of religious
merit-making, pilgrimages, beauty parades, dancing
and uninhibited, good-natured water throwing.
Songkran Festival, Amphoe Phra Pradaeng
The second week of April. The Mon community of
Phra Pradaeng district, Samut Prakan province,
just south of Bangkok, celebrates Songkran with
similar festivities.
Royal Ploughing Ceremony
Usually early May, at Bangkok's Sanam Luang.
This ceremony marks official commencement of
the annual rice-planting cycle. Presided over
by His Majesty the King, elaborate Brahman ritual
and ceremonial combine to provide predictions
concerning the forthcoming rice crop.
Rocket Festival
The second weekend of May, and best seen in Yasothon,
north-east Thailand. Prior to the annual monsoons,
Northeast villagers construct gigantic rockets
to fire into the sky to 'ensure' plentiful rain
during the forthcoming rice season. The Rocket
Festival is traditionally a period for letting
off steam before ardous field work begins in
earnest, and features beauty parades, folk dances,
ribald and high-spirited revelry before the rockets
are ceremoniously launched.
Visakha Puja
Full Moon day, May. National holiday. Visakha
Puja is the holiest of all Buddhist holy days,
and marks the Buddha's birth, enlightenment and
death. Merit-making and ceremonial are identical
to Makha Puja,
Fruits Fairs Countrywide
These annual fairs feature delicious provincial
fruits - including rambutan, durian, jackfruits
and pomeloes, and feature cultural displays,
exhibitions and folk art. Major provinces that
celebrate fruits fairs include Rayong, Chanthaburi,
Chachoengsao and Hat Yai in Songkhla.
H.M. the Queen's Birthday
August 12. National holiday Nation-wide celebrations
find particular focus in Bangkok where government
buildings are decorated and illuminated at night
with coloured lights.
Ok Phansa & Thot Kathin
During October. Ok Phansa celebrates the end
of the Rains Retreat and introduces the Kathin
period when, throughout Thailand, the Buddhist
laity present monks with new robes and other
items deemed necessary for the monkhood's upkeep
during the forthcoming monastic year.
Vegetarian Festival
During October. Phuket islanders of Chinese ancestry
commit themselves to a vegetarian diet for nine
days. The festival's first day features a parade
of white-clothed devotees and several ascetic
displays.
Boat Races
October. The Kathin period marks the official
end of the Rains Season and is the time for country
fairs, many of which feature regattas. Nan, 790
kilometres north of Bangkok, has famous boat
races, Other noteworthy regattas are held in
Surat Thani, Phichit, Nakhon Phanom and Pathurnthani.
Loi Krathong
Full-moon night of November. This is Thailand's
loveliest festival when under the full moon,
Thais float away onto rivers and waterways, Krathongs,
small lotus-shaped banana- leaf boats containing
a lighted candle, glowing incense, a flower and
small coin to honour, it is believed, the water
spirits, and to wash away the previous year's
sins.
Elephant Round-Up
Third weekend of November, Surin, north-east
Thailand. Some 100 elephants participate in this
popular event. Between folk dances and traditional
cultural performances, these versatile behemoths
star in displays of time-honoured wild elephant
hunts, demonstrations of intelligence, strength,
gentility and obedience, and the spectacular
re-enactment of a medieval war elephant parade.
River Kwai Bridge Week
Late November, early December, Kanchanaburi,
western Thailand. Features a thrilling son et
lumiere show at the world-famous bridge. Archaeological
and historical exhibitions, sparkling folk culture
performances and rides on trains hauled by World
War II vintage steam locomotives number among
other attractions.
H.M. the King's Birthday
December 5. National holiday. On December 3,
the elite Royal Guards swear anew their allegiance
to His Majesty King Bhumibol in a colourful and
stirring ceremony in Bangkok's Royal Plaza. On
December 5, festivities occur throughout Thailand.
Customarily, government buildings and houses
are decorated with spectacular illuminations
at night. Night-time Bangkok, particularly in
the Ratchadamnoen Avenue and Grand Palace area,
becomes a floodlit fairyland of coloured lights.
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